Ear infections, particularly in dogs, are one of the most common reasons for a visit to the vet. They can have a variety of underlying causes, including:

• Conformation (large, floppy ears, as well as excessively hairy ears, are prone to infection)
• Bacterial or yeast overgrowth (usually due to another underlying condition)
• Ear mites
• Allergies
• Growths or tumors in the ear canal
• Self-inflicted trauma from rubbing and scratching
• Excessive moisture from bathing or swimming
• Endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism or Cushing’s disease

Symptoms:

• Bad odor
• Painful to the touch
• Excessive moist sounds when touched
• Shaking of the head
• Scratching at the ears
• Scabs or reddened ears

Diagnostics:

In addition to a thorough history and physical examination, your veterinarian will likely perform:

• Ear swab cytology 
• Ear culture 
• Blood work to rule an underlying disease process, such as hypothyroidism

Treatment:

Treatment should be targeted based on the results of the diagnostics that were performed. Ear infections are generally best treated with topical medications rather than oral. It is important to keep the ear clean and free of debris during the course of treatment. Some ear infections can take several weeks to fully resolve. Regular follow-ups with your veterinarian during the course of treatment are critical to ensuring successful resolution.